![]() Receptors in the semicircular canals respond to the position of the head. These cells control vertical and non-rotational movements. 6 The utricle and saccule contain hair cells embedded in calcium carbonate crystals. ![]() The vestibular apparatus of the inner ear consists of three semicircular canals, and two otolith organs called the utricle and the saccule. ![]() 5 This in turn receives input from the visual pathway, proprioception and inner ear. Conversely, symptoms arising in the inner ear or from the vestibular nerve are classified as peripheral.īalance is controlled by the cerebellum, which receives input from the vestibular nuclei in the brain stem. 4 Vestibular symptoms originating from pathology in the cerebellum or brain stem are classified into the central type. Vertigo can be classified as central or peripheral on the basis of vestibular symptom pathology. presyncope (sensation of feeling faint).light-headedness (sensation of giddiness) 3.Dizziness can be classified into four groups: This sensation can be confused with dizziness, which is a non-specific term, so an adequate history is required to differentiate this symptom. ![]() 2 Often patients describe a ‘spinning’ sensation of either their body or their surroundings. 1 Classically, vertigo presents as a sensation of movement of the environment around the patient. Vertigo is a common, distressing presentation in general practice and constitutes approximately 54% of cases of dizziness. ![]()
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